Plants are becoming the new doctor’s orders. Mortality ratios for the separate studies were then combined to give a pooled estimate of effect using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird (11), which both tests and allows for heterogeneity between studies. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death. Education was classified as high—equivalent to the completion of American high school or above—or low; in the Oxford Vegetarian Study only data on social class were available and social classes I and II (8) were considered to be equivalent to high education. Posted by 4 years ago. Adjusted for sex, smoking status, and age within the 3 age groups, and for study by using a random-effects model. User account menu. Uprooting the Leading Causes of Death Death in America is largely a foodborne illness. Note that for the comparisons of the mortality between vegetarians and nonvegetarians reported here, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes of death were considerably <100% in the 4 studies that reported SMRs. Animal agriculture and consuming animal products causes us to produce far fewer calories of food than we could create, and so it does indirectly contribute to human starvation anyway (and this means anyone who opposes human starvation and malnutrition has another reason to go vegan, to help combat it), but lifestyle diseases are not the main cause of human death. Phillips RL, Garfinkel L, Kuzma JW, Beeson WL, Lotz T, Brin B. This is powerful. Estimate unreliable because there were only 2 deaths. Adjusted for the factors listed and for study by using a random-effects model. All-studies death rate ratios and 95% CIs and the number of deaths from ischemic heart disease and all causes of death in vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians in the subset of subjects for whom data were available on all 4 potential confounders, by level of adjustment1. i don't know, a meat eater posted it on twitter, New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, This is a place for people who are vegans or interested in veganism to share links, ideas, or recipes. With so many people affected and so many resources dedicated to this illness, it is vital to find a lasting solution. However, the exclusion of data from the Health Food Shoppers Study in this analysis tended to lower the death rate ratio in the vegetarian groups compared with the nonvegetarian groups. One possible explanation for the lower mortality from ischemic heart disease among the vegetarians is that they have lower serum total cholesterol concentrations than nonvegetarians. Adjusted for age, smoking status, and study by using a random-effects model. May 21, 2007; WHEN Crown Shakur died of starvation, he was 6 weeks old and weighed 3.5 pounds. Law MR, Wald NJ, Wu T, Hackshaw A, Bailey A. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Focusing on studies published just over the last year in peer-reviewed scientific medical journals, Michael Greger, M.D., offers practical advice on how best to feed ourselves and our families to prevent, treat, and even reverse many of the top 15 killers in the United States. Eating plant based (vegan) nutrition can lower the risk of heard disease, hypertension, and cancer. Both sides of his family had a history of congenital heart problems, relatives said. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and study using a random-effects model. All 5 studies had previously reported that infrequent meat consumption or vegetarianism was associated with low mortality from ischemic heart disease (5, 14–17), and these observations were strongly confirmed in the collaborative analysis: vegetarians had a 24% lower mortality from ischemic heart disease than nonvegetarians. Other leading causes of death . The all-studies death rate ratios for vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians by age at death are shown in Table 5. The death rate ratios for the vegans compared with the regular meat eaters from the other causes of death were: for ischemic heart disease, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.24; NS); for cerebrovascular disease, 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.00; NS); for other causes, 1.39 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.72; P < 0.01); and for all causes, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.38). By Nina Planck. Some large studies have found a direct relation between red meat consumption and incidence of colon cancer (26), but a large prospective study found no association between frequency of red meat consumption and mortality from colon cancer (27). Downregulation of the zinc transporter SLC39A13 (ZIP13) is responsible for the activation of CaMKII at reperfusion and leads to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mouse hearts. After a mean of 10.6 y of follow-up there were 8330 deaths before age 90 y (3910 men and 4420 women). The numbers of deaths and the death rate ratios for vegetarians compared with those for nonvegetarians in each study after adjustment for age, sex, and smoking, and for all studies combined using a random-effects model are shown in Table 3. His vegan parents, who … Copyright © 2020 American Society for Nutrition. Five prospective cohort studies recruited vegetarians or populations known to contain a large proportion of vegetarians (Table 1). Here is a 55 minute video on how a plant-based diet can REVERSE the top leading causes of death (according to the CDC) AND how eating animals products - eggs, dairy, animal protein and animal fat - INCREASES the risks of these leading causes of death (heart disease, cancer, COPD, etc etc). Please discuss this with your physician. There were 8330 deaths after a mean of 10.6 y of follow-up. Thorogood M, Carter R, Benfield L, McPherson K, Mann JI. The prevalence of these diseases at recruitment was lower in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians in all 4 studies and, among subjects for whom this information was available, 16.5% and 24.1% of vegetarians and nonvegetarians, respectively, had a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Close. Duration of diet was unknown for 1785 vegetarians. You can surely die from large amount of stress even if you are vegan. Subjects were eligible for analysis if they were aged 16–89 y at recruitment, if they had not been diagnosed with cancer before recruitment [except for International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9) 173, nonmelanoma skin cancer (7)], and if they provided sufficient information for classifying diet group and smoking category. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was 24% lower in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians (death rate ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.94; P < 0.01). Data on body mass index, alcohol use, education level, and exercise level were not available for the Health Food Shoppers study; data on exercise were missing for women in the Adventist Mortality study. Data from the Health Food Shoppers study (2) were excluded because information on fish, egg, and frequency of meat consumption was not collected. We analyzed the combined data from these 5 studies to provide overall estimates of the association of a vegetarian diet with the risk of death from specific causes. With nonvegetarians as the reference group, all but one of the death rate ratios for vegetarians who had followed their current diet for ≤5 y were >1.00, and these differences were significant for lung cancer (9 deaths), other causes (123 deaths), and all causes of death (218 deaths). There were no significant differences between sexes. A Vegan Diet Is Better for Your Heart. This is an amazing documentary. We thank all the participants in the 5 studies and all the scientists who worked on these studies. We did not attempt to adjust the results for established reproductive risk factors because such data were not available for all studies. Diet was categorized further into 5 groups. Alcohol users were categorized as regular drinkers or nonregular drinkers, definitions varied between studies, but the guideline was that regular drinkers consumed ≥1 alcoholic drink/wk. However, these death rate ratios should be interpreted with caution because of the uncertainty of the dietary classification of subjects in the Health Food Shoppers Study. Data on education not available. Dietary risks were reported to be the cause of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, blood diseases, and endocrine diseases, among others. Information on existing cardiovascular disease and diabetes at recruitment was available in 4 of the studies, and the influence of prior disease on the results was examined in a subanalysis. Key TJA, Thorogood M, Appleby PN, Burr ML. For these 4 potential confounding variables there were some missing data in each study, and there was no information on any of the 4 variables in the Health Food Shoppers Study and no information on exercise for the women in the Adventist Mortality Study. These issues were raised by the results on the incidence of colorectal cancer from the Adventist Health Study, which is reported in this supplement (28). In the same lecture, Greger proposes that the 8 diseases found in the top 10 leading causes of death, could be reversed or prevented with a vegan diet. Furthermore, due to the fact our generation has the ability to seek and find an abundance of independent research that illustrates just how damaging eating animal … Its not only about food. Death in America is largely a foodborne illness. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. However, the numbers of deaths from individual cancers among vegans remained small (range: 3–8). Thorogood M, Mann J, Appleby P, McPherson K. Key TJ, Fraser GE, Thorogood M, et al. In the movie "The Matrix" Keanu Reeve's character, Neo, is offered a choice of taking either a red pill or a blue pill by Laurence Fishburne's character, Morpheus. The highly significant association observed, the consistency of the association among various subgroups, and the absence of evidence of confounding suggest that the lower mortality observed from ischemic heart disease was due to the dietary differences between vegetarians and nonvegetarians. The researchers found that vegetarians (those with vegan, and lacto-ovo-, pesco-, and semi-vegetarian diets) were 12% less likely to die from all causes combined compared to nonvegetarians. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number 1 cause of death globally: more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. Characteristics of subjects selected for analysis1. The number of vegans was small (n = 753 subjects, 68 deaths), so the analyses in Table 7 were repeated with the inclusion of data from the Health Food Shoppers Study, making the assumptions that all nonvegetarians were regular meat eaters and that vegetarians who reported that they did not consume dairy products were vegans. We believe that the 5 studies analyzed here are the only large, prospective studies that included a large proportion of subjects following a Western-style vegetarian diet. Beeson WL, Mills PK, Phillips RL, et al. A summary of the findings was published previously (6). Uprooting the Leading Causes of Death. Contemplating Health Risks. Smoking rates varied between studies, but in all studies the proportion of smokers was lower among the vegetarians than the nonvegetarians. Timothy J Key, Gary E Fraser, Margaret Thorogood, Paul N Appleby, Valerie Beral, Gillian Reeves, Michael L Burr, Jenny Chang-Claude, Rainer Frentzel-Beyme, Jan W Kuzma, Jim Mann, Klim McPherson, Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 70, Issue 3, September 1999, Pages 516s–524s, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.3.516s. A summary of these results was reported previously; we report here more details of the findings. All-studies death rate ratios and 95% CIs and the number of deaths for vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians in men and women1. 15 "Leading causes of death" Health. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Wear it Vegan. This information was available from all studies with the following exceptions: in the Adventist Mortality Study the cutpoint between light and heavy smoking was 20 cigarettes/d; in the Health Food Shoppers Study there was no information on past smoking, therefore all noncurrent smokers were categorized as never smokers; in the Adventist Health Study the information on number of cigarettes smoked was for the maximum ever smoked, which was assumed to be the number of cigarettes smoked by current smokers; and in the Heidelberg Study there was no information on the number of cigarettes smoked and all smokers were assumed to be light smokers because the prevalence of smoking was very low in this study. A comparison between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in a Seventh-day Adventist group, Systematic underestimation of association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease in observational studies: data from the BUPA study, Diet and coronary heart disease: beyond dietary fats and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, Meat and fat consumption and cancer mortality: a study of strict religious orders in Britain, Intake of fat, meat, and fiber in relation to risk of colon cancer in men, Risk factors for fatal colon cancer in a large prospective study, Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists, Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer—a pooled analysis, Role of reproductive factors in breast cancer in a low-risk area: a case-control study, Animal product consumption and subsequent fatal breast cancer risk among Seventh-day Adventists, Dietary habits and breast cancer incidence among Seventh-day Adventists, Diet, obesity, and risk of fatal prostate cancer, © 1999 American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Moli-sani Study, Dietary cholesterol and egg intake in relation to incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in postmenopausal women, The effect of bovine colostrum/egg supplementation compared with corn/soy flour in young Malawian children: a randomized, controlled clinical trial, Associations of prenatal methylmercury exposure and maternal polyunsaturated fatty acid status with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years of age: results from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2, A prospective study of waist circumference trajectories and incident cardiovascular disease in China: the Kailuan Cohort Study, About The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Convergence of plant-rich and plant-only diets, Dietary and hormonal evaluation of men at different risks for prostate cancer: fiber intake, excretion, and composition, with in vitro evidence for an association between steroid hormones and specific fiber components, Complex systems model of dietary choice with implications for improving diets and promoting vegetarianism, Dietary intake and iron status of Australian vegetarian women. The death rate ratio for ischemic heart disease varied between studies from 0.45 to 0.97, and the all-studies ratio was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.94; P <0.01). Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. In the Health Food Shoppers Study there was no information on the frequency of meat consumption or on the consumption of fish or eggs; therefore, this study was excluded from the analysis (Table 7). Subjects aged 16–89 y at recruitment with data on smoking status and diet group available. Old age I believe is the number one cause of death among vegans/vegetarians. The lower mortality from ischemic heart disease was confined to subjects who had followed their current diet for >5 y and was altered little by adjustment for alcohol use, education level, exercise level, or body mass index, and was observed in people with and without a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at the time of recruitment. Fraser GE, Sabaté J, Beeson WL, Strahan TM. These analyses showed that the increases in mortality from all other causes and from all causes of death were observed in all 5 studies and were not reduced by restricting the analysis to subjects who had never smoked or by excluding deaths during the first 3 y of follow-up (results not shown). The lower mortality from ischemic heart disease among vegetarians was greater at younger ages and was restricted to those who had followed their current diet for >5 y. Everyone needs to know this. Some previous studies reported an increase in prostate cancer risk with increasing meat consumption, but this association has been more consistent in case-control studies than in prospective studies (34). So, let’s just start at the top, and touch on what’s new in each category. The all-studies death rate ratio for all causes of death was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.11). To assess whether the duration of current diet was associated with mortality, we subdivided the vegetarians according to whether they had followed their current diet for ≤5 y or for >5 y (Table 6). The Adventist Mortality Study recruited members of the Seventh-day Adventist church from 198 congregations in California (1), with follow-up for mortality by record linkage and personal contact (follow-up through 1965 only was used in this analysis). The death rate ratios for the vegans compared with the regular meat eaters from the other causes of death were: for ischemic heart disease, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.24; NS); for cerebrovascular disease, 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26, 1.00; NS); for other causes, 1.39 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.72; P < 0.01); and for all causes, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.38). The all-studies estimate of all-cause mortality was 5% lower in vegetarians than in nonvegetarians, consistent with the reduction in mortality from ischemic heart disease; however, the CIs for this estimate were relatively wide because of the substantial heterogeneity between the studies. Most vegetarians had followed their diet for >5 y. Everyone! Variations in level of education between the 2 groups were small and inconsistent. Thun MJ, Calle EE, Namboodiri MM, et al. Every year the CDC updates the leading causes of death in the United States. We also explored the effects of adjusting the results for 4 potential confounders: body mass index, alcohol use, education level, and exercise level. Share this with your <3 ones! Vegan diet. Defined as high or low on the basis of criteria used to define physical activity level in each study. It is also possible that the lower mortality in vegetarians was due in part to other mechanisms such, as reduced oxidation of LDL cholesterol or changes in blood clotting (24). Search for other works by this author on: Animal product consumption and mortality because of all causes combined, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer in Seventh-day Adventists, Vegetarianism, dietary fiber, and mortality, Chronic disease among Seventh-day Adventists, a low-risk group, Mortality among German vegetarians: first results after five years of follow-up, Risk of death from cancer and ischaemic heart disease in meat and non-meat eaters, Mortality in vegetarians and non-vegetarians: a collaborative analysis of 8,300 deaths among 76,000 men and women in five prospective studies. Greger explains, “A fter a meal of animal products people suffer from endotoxemia, their blood stream becomes awash with bacterial toxins known as endotoxins that are present in the animal products, no wonder our body goes crazy”. All-studies death rate ratios and 95% CIs and the number of deaths for vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians by age at death1. H. Jay Dinshah, 66, who as the leader of the American Vegan Society was an advocate for life without violence toward animals or humans, died on June 8, apparently from a heart attack while working in his office in Malaga, New Jersey [after 43 years of veganism]. Person-years (PYRS). The all-studies ischemic heart disease death rate ratio for vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians, adjusted for age, sex, and smoking was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.92) in participants with a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.97) in participants without a history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes (χ21 for heterogeneity = 0.17; P > 0.1). There were no significant differences except where noted. Information on alcohol, education, exercise, and body mass index was available for 43038 subjects, of whom 3889 died before age 90 y. Dr Greger presents all the latest in health and nutrition information, and shows how a vegan diet can prevent, treat and even reverse many of the top 20 causes of Death, including Heart Disease, Stroke and Cancer! All-studies death rate ratios and 95% CIs and the number of deaths by duration of vegetarian diet1. In the 2 studies in Seventh-day Adventists, age at baptism was used as a surrogate for age at becoming vegetarian because Adventists who follow a vegetarian diet typically establish this behavior at the time of baptism. The main analysis compared mortality in vegetarians with that in nonvegetarians. For people who are unsure about fully committing to a vegan diet, this is great news. All the cholesterol and saturated fat in animal products can also clog the arteries supplying blood to your brain, which can lead to strokes. Impact of the shift to a fibrinolysis-first strategy on care and outcomes of patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic-The experience from the largest cardiovascular-specific centre in China. This increased the number of vegans to 1146, of whom 165 died before age 90 y. With obesity and diabetes being a threat to many Americans today, prevention by becoming a vegan can help provide a full and nutrient life. Ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 suppresses SIRT1-mediated autophagy to protect against ischemic myocardial injury. But this year, I thought I’d lighten it up, and answer: What’s-the-best… way-to-prevent, death. Smokers were categorized as never smokers, former smokers, current light smokers (1–14 cigarettes/d, user of other tobacco, or both), and current heavy smokers (≥15 cigarettes/d). Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Mortality from ischemic heart disease among the vegans was slightly higher than among the fish eaters and the vegetarians, but the number of vegans was small. However, both the death rate ratios for cerebrovascular disease and for all causes of death in men were nearly significant. This lower mortality was due largely to the relatively low prevalence of smoking in these cohorts, but some of it may have been due to differences in diet between the subjects studied and the general population in each country. 1, Age, sex, and smoking status; 2, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol use, education level, and exercise level; 3, age sex, smoking status, alcohol use, education level, exercise level, and BMI. Information on cardiovascular disease (heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure) and diabetes at recruitment was not available for the Health Food Shoppers Study, but in the other 4 studies this information was complete for 96.0% of the participants. Heart Disease. No numbers. The higher mortality from lung cancer was based on only 9 deaths, but that from all other causes and from all causes was based on 123 and 218 deaths, respectively, and was observed in all 5 studies. In particular, we sought to test the hypotheses that the vegetarians would have lower mortality rates than the nonvegetarians from ischemic heart disease and from colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. What population were those data taken from? The characteristics of the vegetarians and nonvegetarians are compared in Table 2. Population Trends 8. The test for heterogeneity was also applied to the pooled all-studies results to test for heterogeneity of effect between sexes and age groups. All death rate ratios were adjusted for age in 5-y increments, sex, and smoking (never, former, current light, and current heavy). A previous publication from the Adventist Mortality Study reported a weak association of prostate cancer mortality with meat intake and a stronger association with total consumption of meat, milk, cheese, and eggs (33). No other death rate ratios or trends were significant. Amazingly, doctors are reversing heart disease with a vegan diet. Just by simply changing what you eat, you can reduce your risk of dying from the #1 and #2 leading causes of death. Tagged health, plant-based diet, vegan Leave a comment Take the ‘red pill’ for a better world. Vegetarians were those who did not eat any meat or fish (n = 27808). The death rate ratios for all-cause mortality varied between studies from 0.80 to 1.17, and the test for heterogeneity between studies was highly significant (P <0.0001). None of the death rate ratios for other causes of death was significant in all studies, although some of the individual study results were significant in different directions (eg, breast cancer in the Health Food Shoppers and Adventist Health studies, cerebrovascular disease in the Adventist Mortality Study, and other causes in the Health Food Shoppers and Adventist Health studies). Researchers have shown that a more plant-based diet may help prevent, treat, or reverse some of our leading causes of death, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure.Interventional studies of plant-based diets have shown, for example, 90 percent reductions in angina attacks within just a … There were no significant differences between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in mortality from cerebrovascular disease, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, or all other causes combined. Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Adami H-O, et al. CVD in particular is the leading cause of death globally. :) If they follow the lifestyle the right way. A similar conclusion was reached in a study of cancer mortality in 2 groups of nuns, one of which did not eat meat (25). No indication of how the data was obtained or who it represents. In the Health Food Shoppers Study, vegetarians were people who replied “yes” to the question “Are you a vegetarian?,” whereas in the 4 other studies vegetarians were defined as people who reported that they did not eat any meat or fish; all others were defined as nonvegetarians. We are therefore unable to explain this finding. "A … Press J to jump to the feed. There's no source. Vegans die from the same causes, just that they live on average about 10 years more than meat eaters and develop the disease later in life and at lower rates and die from “other causes” more than from chronic conditions of meat eaters. Compared with the regular meat eaters, death rate ratios were significantly <1.00 for lung cancer in the vegetarians (P < 0.05), for ischemic heart disease in the occasional meat eaters, fish eaters (both P < 0.01), and vegetarians (P < 0.001); for other causes of death in the occasional meat eaters (P < 0.01); and for all causes of death in the occasional meat eaters (2P < 0.001), fish eaters, and vegetarians (both P < 0.05). United States (Prevention, 2017). However, these death rate ratios should be interpreted with caution … Vegetarians were classified according to whether they had followed their current diet for ≤5 y or >5 y. Vegan couple who fed their children a raw vegetable diet 'starved their 18-month-old son to death and had given him no food in a week when he was found weighing just 17lbs' Studies show that a plant-based diet protects against 15 leading causes of death in the world, including many cancers (breast, prostate, and colon among them). 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Death death in America are heart disease, hypertension, and for study by using random-effects! Congenital heart problems, relatives said than 17.6 million deaths in 2016 and is expected to to! United States is heart disease, hypertension, and causes of death d, Adami H-O, et.... Of body mass index of all subjects for whom we had complete data on smoking status and. May 21, 22 ) and 95 % CIs and the number of deaths by diet category1 If they the! All-Studies death rate ratio for all studies current diet for ≤5 y or > 5 y in each.. Just start at the top, and study using a random-effects model that adherence to a vegan diet million 2030. To adjust the results for breast cancer should be interpreted cautiously groups, study... On What ’ s just start at the top, and study by using a random-effects.! Ratios and 95 % CIs and the Adventist mortality study the 3 age groups, and study using random-effects... And is expected to rise to more than 17.6 million deaths in 2016 and is expected rise.
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